Obj. ID: 36733 Amulet, Meknes, circa 1910
sub-set tree:
O | Ornamentation: | Foliate and floral ornaments | Floral motif
B | Branch
O | Ornamentation: | Ornament
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The following description was prepared by William Gross:
From earliest times, man has tried to protect himself from misfortune by the use of objects which he considered holy or otherwise (e.g., magically) potent. Amulets and talismans are items generally worn around the neck or wrist, carried in a pocket or purse or hung on a wall. They are meant to protect or aid those who carried or wore them. The Hebrew word for amulet, kame‘a, has the root meaning "to bind". Jewish amulets are usually comprised of texts (either letters or graphic symbols) that are inscribed on some sort of material; some may also contain plant matter or precious stones. The texts of amulets usually include holy names that are believed to have the ability to affect reality, along with incantations summoning angels or other magical powers. For the most part, an amulet has a specific purpose: to ease childbirth, facilitate recovery from illness, improve one’s livelihood, and so on, but in the modern world many are also made for general protection.
Of rather large size, this hamsa carries the decoration so typical of Meknes. What is so unusual is that the hamsa is also decorated on the back side, one of very few instances of this double sided work on a large hamsa. On the front are flowers with five pointed petals re-enforcing the idea of five or hamsa. The many pointed elements on both sides help are to catch, deflect and disperse in multiple directions the power of the evil eye directed against the wearer. The general shape is also that of Meknes and the mark is the "ram" with the letter "F", for both Fez and Meknes. Even the large ring at the top is silver marked.
The hamsa (five, as in five fingers) is an amulet shaped like a hand. The hamsa is arguably the most popular form of amulet against the Evil Eye and is used in a large number of countries. Probably originating in Moslem Spain of the 12th or 13th century, it crossed the sea to Morocco and spread across North Africa to the Middle and Far East.