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Obj. ID: 52461
Jewish Funerary Art
  Mass grave in the Brethern Cemetery in Jelgava, Latvia, 1970s(?)

© Center for Jewish Art, Photographer: Unknown,

Memorial Name

No official name

Who is Commemorated?

45 mentally ill Jews and Soviet officials murdered by the Nazis.

Description:

There are two identical monuments built of concrete. Each bears a five-pointed star and a dedication in Latvian and Russian, accompanied by a quote from the book Notes from the Gallows by the Czech Communist journalist Julius Fučík, who was tortured and killed by the Nazis. 

Inscription

Latvian:

Fašistiska terora upurem
1941 – 1944 g.
Cilvēki – esiet modri!
(J. Fučiks)

TranslationTo the victims of fascist terror, 1941–1944. People – be vigilant! (J. Fučík)

Russian

Жертвам фашистского террора
1941–1944
Люди – будьте бдительны!
(Ю. Фучик)

Translation: To the victims of fascist terror, 1941–1944. People – be vigilant! (J. Fučík)

 

Commissioned by

Authorities of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic

Summary and Remarks
Remarks

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Name/Title
Mass grave in the Brethern Cemetery in Jelgava | Unknown
Object Detail
Monument Setting
Date
1970s (?)
Synagogue active dates
Reconstruction dates
Artist/ Maker
Historical Origin
Unknown
Community type
Unknown |
Congregation
Unknown
Location
Latvia | Zemgale | Jelgava
| Brethern Cemetery
Site
Unknown
School/Style
Unknown|
Period
Period Detail
Collection
Unknown |
Documentation / Research project
Unknown
Iconographical Subject
Textual Content
Languages of inscription
Shape / Form
Material / Technique
Concrete
Material Stucture
Material Decoration
Material Bonding
Material Inscription
Material Additions
Material Cloth
Material Lining
Tesserae Arrangement
Density
Colors
Construction material
Measurements
Height
Length
Width
Depth
Circumference
Thickness
Diameter
Weight
Axis
Panel Measurements
Condition
Extant
Documented by CJA
Surveyed by CJA
Present Usage
Present Usage Details
Condition of Building Fabric
Architectural Significance type
Historical significance: Event/Period
Historical significance: Collective Memory/Folklore
Historical significance: Person
Architectural Significance: Style
Architectural Significance: Artistic Decoration
Urban significance
Significance Rating
1
Ornamentation
Custom
Contents
Codicology
Scribes
Script
Number of Lines
Ruling
Pricking
Quires
Catchwords
Hebrew Numeration
Blank Leaves
Direction/Location
Façade (main)
Endivances
Location of Torah Ark
Location of Apse
Location of Niche
Location of Reader's Desk
Location of Platform
Temp: Architecture Axis
Arrangement of Seats
Location of Women's Section
Direction Prayer
Direction Toward Jerusalem
Coin
Coin Series
Coin Ruler
Coin Year
Denomination
Signature
Colophon
Scribal Notes
Watermark
Hallmark
Group
Group
Group
Group
Group
Trade Mark
Binding
Decoration Program
Suggested Reconsdivuction
History/Provenance

The German army entered Jelgava on 29 June 1941, and already at the end of July, practically all Jews of Jelgava were murdered in the firing range of the former 3rd Jelgava Infantry Regiment of the Latvian army. On September 2, 1941, 45 mentally ill Jews and doctor H. Idelsohn were taken out of the Jelgava Psychiatric Hospital. They, together with Soviet activists, were murdered behind the Nikolai Cemetery (see here), but in later years, their remains were reinterred in the Jelgava Brethren Cemetery. 

Two almost identical monuments were erected, and it is unknown where are buried mentally ill Jews and where Soviet officials.  

Main Surveys & Excavations
Sources

"Holocaust Memorial Places in Latvia," a website by the Center for Judaic Studies at the University of Latvia, http://memorialplaces.lu.lv/memorial-places/zemgale/jelgava-the-brethren-cemetery/.

Meler, Meyer, Jewish Latvia: Sites to Remember (Tel-Aviv: Association of Latvian and Estonian Jews in Israel, 2013), p. 144.

Meler, Meyer, Mesta nashei pamiati: Evreiskie obshchiny Latvii, unichtozhennye v Kholokoste (Riga: by the author, 2010), p. 175.
Type
Documenter
|
Author of description
Vladimir Levin | 2023
Architectural Drawings
|
Computer Reconstruction
|
Section Head
|
Language Editor
|
Donor
|
Negative/Photo. No.