Obj. ID: 5660
Sacred and Ritual Objects  Dedicatory plaque, Ioannina, 1902

Shadai'a | Unknown

*Synagogue Objects | Dedicatory plaque (a plaque with a dedicatory inscription, attached to any object, but not hanging on a wall) | *Dedicatory plaque also called: | Shadai'a (Dedicatory plaque)

Unknown

1902

Unknown

Greece | Epirus | Ioannina
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Unknown

Romaniot Jews
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Greece | Ioannina | Beit Abraham Congregation Synagogue

Unknown |

Unknown|

Ottoman Empire

Greece | Athens, Jewish Museum of Greece
| 55

Unknown

The silver dedicatory plaque is part of a unique group of sacred
objects known as shadai'ot (shadai'a in singular). The custom of
donating these plaques is common among the Greek Romaniot
communities. The name shadai'a is derived from God’s name,
"אל שדי" (El Shadai = God Almighty) which usually heads the dedicatory inscription. The plaque is also called a "takhshit," namely an ornament, which adorns the Torah, a term often inscribed on the plaques. This shadai'a is part of a larger group of plaques, documented in several collections around the world, which together forms the most comprehensive collection of shadai'ot.
The dedication of silver plaques as sacred objects is unique to the Greek Romaniot communities. Some inscriptions do reveal that occasionally they were donated with other ritual objects, such as a Torah scroll, a parokhet, or a mappah. Yet, unlike the common custom in other communities, they were not attached to specific ritual objects at the time of the donation. When a large number of shadai'ot plaques were assembled in a synagogue they were sewn on to a parokhet in a reversed "Π" shape. Some were also attached to Torah case wrappers or belts, which were probably hung along the walls of the synagogue on different occasions.
Although the events mentioned in the dedicatory inscriptions occurred at different times, the plaques were consistently donated to the synagogue on special days in the Jewish Year. The three pilgrimage festivals (Passover, Shavu'ot, Sukkot) are common, as well as Rosh Ha-Shanah, Yom Kippur, Rosh Hodesh (the New Moon) and Sabbaths. Rarely does the date of the donation mentioned on the plaque indicate another day of the week.
The custom was practiced among the Romaniot communities of Arta, Ioannina, Previzia, and is still practiced in Trikala and Larissa. No differences were noticeable between the two congregations in Ioannina concerning shape, dedicatory formulas or names of donors. The only distinction between the Old and New Holy Congregations is the name of the synagogue (when it appears). Most contemporary shadai'ot from Trikala and Larissa differ from the others and are shaped as Stars of David enclosed within circles. Few of them maintain the early linguistic dedicatory formulas.
The shadai'ot are important historical documents, which reflect both the artistic and the cultural heritage of the Romaniot communities in Greece. Their importance goes beyond the art of sacred objects; this unique custom offers a fascinating window to the rich Greek Jewish culture in the past four hundred years.

1. This plaque was donated to the Beit Abraham Holy Congregation which was the small synagogue known as the Minyan, built in 1871 within the Old Holy Congregation compound. According to a dedicatory inscription engraved on stone, now in the Old Congregation Synagogue, in the year 1871 Sarah, the wife of the deceased Abraham (d. 1868), contributed money in order to build a new synagogue and thus paid her husband's debts to the Old Congregation Synagogue. The Beit Abraham Holy Congregation was completely destroyed during World War II (see: Sc.525-2).

This plaque was donated to the Museum by the Jewish community of Ioannina in 29.06.98.