Obj. ID: 37307
Sacred and Ritual Objects Torah pointer, Prague, 1858
The following description was prepared by William Gross:
The pointer used by the Torah reader to keep the place is known in European communities as the *yad, "hand," or the etẓba, "finger," and in Sephardi and Eastern communities as the moreh, "pointer," or kulmus, "quill," the former because of its function and the latter because of its shape. Halakhic sources also use the terms moreh or kulmus. The pointer was originally a narrow rod, tapered at the pointing end, usually with a hole at the other end through which a ring or chain could be passed to hang the pointer on the Torah scroll. An additional reason for using the pointer was to prevent the oily finger from touching the parchment and inked letter, something that would eventually cause severe deterioration.
The original form of the pointer was preserved in Eastern communities, the differences from one community to another being mainly in length and ornamentation. In certain communities, a hand with a pointing finger was added, and accordingly, the pointer came to be known as a yad, "hand," or eẓba, "finger." Pointers are made for the most part of silver or silver-plated brass, but in a few European communities, they used to be made of wood. In such cases, the pointers were carved in the local folk-art style.
Torah pointers in the Czech lands often have the form seen in this example: a tapered shaft on which there are ball forms at the top and in the middle, with a cast hand at the pointing end. In this case, the tapered shaft has a hexagonal form in the upper part and a twisted shape in the lower, a characteristic known on other pointers from the area. The silversmith, Johann Novotny, has made other Judaica objects, many of which are preserved in the Jewish Museum of Prague. There are literally dozens of objects by him in the collection. He was one of the most prolific makers of ritual objects for use by the Jewish Community.