Obj. ID: 54144
  Sacred and Ritual Le-Mazal Tov, Lviv (Lvov, Lwów, Lemberg), circa 1920
sub-set tree: 
The following description was prepared by William Gross:
From earliest times, man has tried to protect himself from misfortune by the use of objects that he considered holy or otherwise (e.g., magically) potent. Amulets and talismans are Items generally worn around the neck or wrist, carried in a pocket or purse or hung on a wall. They are meant to protect or aid those who carried or wore them. The Hebrew word for amulet, kame‘a, has the root meaning "to bind". Jewish amulets are usually comprised of texts (either letters or graphic symbols) that are inscribed on some sort of material; some may also contain plant matter or precious stones. The texts of amulets usually include holy names that are believed to have the ability to affect reality, along with incantations summoning angels or other magical powers. For the most part, an amulet has a specific purpose: to ease childbirth, facilitate recovery from illness, improve one’s livelihood, and so on, but in the modern world many are also made for general protection.
Printed amulets that could serve the purpose of hand-written talismans began to appear in the late 17th century, continuing into the 18th and 19th centuries. The few surviving examples from this period are of European origin.
The amulet, an example of a form used in the 19th and 20th centuries, is printed with decorative borders typical of the time. Among many other inscriptions, the names of the Patriarchs and Matriarchs are printed on the amulet, as well as the "Shir le-Ma’alot” (Psalm 121) prayer and specific formulas aimed at thwarting the evil influence of Lilith. The invocation of the names of the three angels, Sanoi, Sansanoi, and Samangalaf, printed here, are aimed at the same protection. It is stated that this birth amulet is according to the tradition of the Ba'al Shem Tov. This form of amulet was printed in several cities in Central and Eastern Europe. While there is no place mentioned, from the style it is probable that this was printed in Slovakia.