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© Copyright of the University of Manchester, Photographer: Unknown, , Negative/Photo. No. M002487.
Name/Title
JRL Moshe ben Avraham Pescarolo Esther Scroll | Unknown
Object Detail
sheet 9 (cols. 25-27)
Date
1618
Synagogue active dates
Reconstruction dates
Historical Origin
Unknown
Community
Unknown |
Location
Unknown |
Site
Unknown
School/Style
Unknown|
Period
Period Detail
Category
Material/Technique
Ink and paints on parchment + wood
Material Stucture
Material Decoration
Material Bonding
Material Inscription
Material Additions
Material Cloth
Material Lining
Tesserae Arrangement
Density
Colors
Construction material
Measurements
The scroll: 285 x ca. 4850 mm.
Dimensions of the selected details in the scroll:
- decorations in the lower margins: ca. 50 mm;
- an average text panel: 128x108 mm;
- illustration: 68x110 mm;
- an average letter: 3 mm;
- spaces between the lines: 7 mm;
The roller: ca. 440 mm.
Height
Length
Width
Depth
Circumference
Thickness
Diameter
Weight
Axis
Panel Measurements
Condition
Very good; only some damages in the sheets are visible. Both, the text and decorations are well preserved.
Extant
Documented by CJA
Surveyed by CJA
Present Usage
Present Usage Details
Condition of Building Fabric
Architectural Significance type
Historical significance: Event/Period
Historical significance: Collective Memory/Folklore
Historical significance: Person
Architectural Significance: Style
Architectural Significance: Artistic Decoration
Urban significance
Significance Rating
Description

Sheet no. 9 includes 3 columns of text (nos. 25-27) within the hand-painted border.

The scene in frame no. 25 depicts the king standing in the center, attended by three figures; on the left, Esther and Mordecai are kneeling, and on the right, a man (Haman?) is standing. It is difficult to interpret the scene. It may represent either the moment when the king gives Haman's properties to Esther (Es. 8:1) or when Esther is pleading to annul Haman's decree (Es. 8:3-4). The king may be about to give his ring to Mordecai (Es. 8:2).

The scene in frame no. 26 depicts Haman hanging on a gallows (Es. 7:10), while on the left, two guards stand near the structure.

In the frame beneath the text panel, a bird is depicted and there is a Hebrew inscription.

The scene in frame no. 27 depicts eleven bodies hanged on a gallows; it seems they are Haman and his ten sons (Es. 9:25).

Custom
Contents

The Book of Esther in Hebrew accompanied by two separate sheets of benedictions

Codicology

The scroll comprises 10 sheets containing 29 columns of text with 13 lines each, except for col. 24 which has 11 lines divided into two parts.

Every membrane contains 3 columns of text, except for the last membrane which has only 2 columns.

The text is inscribed in the Hebrew square Italian-Sephardi script with very high tagin, in brown-black ink, on parchment sheets that are of medium thicknes, though they are not stiff. The side with the text and decoration is brighter. The blank side is very smooth.

The ruling is invisible.

The membranes in the scroll are stitched.

Benedictions sheet no. 1: 

The text is inscribed in the Hebrew square Italian-Sephardi script.

Every benediction starts with an enlarged word, written separately from the rest of the formula.

The Tetragrammaton is replaced by an abbreviation of two letters י .

On the right edge, pricking is visible.

The final benediction is incomplete.

Benedictions sheet no. 2:

The text is inscribed in the Hebrew square Italian-Sephardi script.

Every benediction starts with an enlarged word, written separately from the rest of the formula.

The Tetragrammaton is replaced by an abbreviation of two letters י, a leg of the letter א, and a flag of the letter ל.

Scribes
Script
Number of Lines
Ruling
Pricking
Quires
Catchwords
Hebrew Numeration
Blank Leaves
Direction/Location
Façade (main)
Endivances
Location of Torah Ark
Location of Apse
Location of Niche
Location of Reader's Desk
Location of Platform
Temp: Architecture Axis
Arrangement of Seats
Location of Women's Section
Direction Prayer
Direction Toward Jerusalem
Signature
Colophon

In the lower margin, below col. 30, there is the Hebrew note in cursive script by the maker of the scroll:

על פי הגורל יצאה לחלק בני בנימין מקאסטיל \ בולונייסי יום פורים משנת שין עין חית לפק \ מידי היתה זאת צעיר וקט במעשיו משה בן הגאון \ כמהר'ר אברהם פשקרול זלה'ה נכתב פה פיראר' \ יום הששי פרשת ומשה לא ידע כי קרן עור פניו בדברו \ אתו ה' יזכני להתהיל ולהשלים מגילות אחרות רבות

"Chance made it become the property of my son Benjamin, of Castelbolognese, on the Day of Purim 5378. By my hand it is, Moses, the young and humble in his works, son of the Gaon, the highly honoured Rabbi Abraham Pescarol [?], may he be remembered for the world to come; written here in Ferrara the sixth day [of the week] when the text is: And Moses knew not that the skin of his face shone, because he had spoken with him'. May God grant I begin and complete many other megilloth." (translation by M. Metzger, The John Rylands Megillah..., 170 - see "Bibliography").

Scribal Notes
Watermark
Trade Mark
Binding
Decoration Program
Summary and Remarks

The artist's family had immigrated from Germany to Italy one generation before Moshe ben Avraham, and some of its members were book printers.

In scholarly literature, different spellings of the surname can be found; the most popular are Pescarol and Pescarolo. Other variants include: Pascarolo, Pascarol ("פַּשְׂקַרוֹל"), Piscarol, Pescarolo, Poscarel, Poscarela, Pescaroli, Pescaraolo. See M. Mortara, Indice alfabetico dei rabbini e scrittori Israeliti, Padova 1886, p. 49.

Some details in the scroll were painted with gold paint, but at present, many of them are rather brown.

History/Provenance
Main Surveys & Excavations
Bibliography

Images and a short description of the scroll available at http://enriqueta.man.ac.uk (accessed on 27.08.2020). 

This bibliography lists publications on all three currently known megillot Esther made by Moshe ben Avraham Pescarolo:

Florence Mansano Soulam, בסוד מגילותיו של הסופר-המאייר משה בן אברהם פשקרול: ניתוח מגילות פשקרול בתוך הקונטקסט ההיסטורי של איטליה בראשית המאה השבע-עשרה [Unveiling the Secrets of the Scrolls of Moshe Pescarolo Scribe and Artist. An Analysis of Pescarolo’s Scrolls in the Historical Context of Italy in the Early 17th Century], doctoral dissertation: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2006.

Mendel Metzger, The John Rylands Megillah and Some Other Illustrated Megilloth of the 15th to 17th Centuries, "Bulletin of the John Rylands Library" 1962 (45), 148–184, esp. 166–171.

Dagmara Budzioch, The Decorated Esther Scrolls from the Museum of the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw and the Tradition of Megillot Esther Decoration in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries – An Outline [Polish: Dekorowane zwoje Estery z Żydowskiego Instytutu Historycznego w Warszawie na tle tradycji dekorowania megillot Ester w XVII i XVIII wieku. Zarys problematyki], Warsaw 2019, 1:89-92.

Dagmara Budzioch, Midrashic Tales in Seventeenth and Eighteenth-century Illustrated Esther Scrolls, "Kwartalnik Historii Żydów” 2017, no 3 (263), 405–422, esp. 408, 410, 411, 414, 415.

Dagmara Budzioch, Italian Origins of the Decorated Scrolls of Esther, "Kwartalnik Historii Żydów" 2016, no 1 (257), 35–49, esp. 40–43.

Short Name
Full Name
Volume
Page
Type
Documenter
Dagmara Budzioch | 2020
Researcher
Dagmara Budzioch | 2020
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