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© Copyright of the University of Manchester, Photographer: N/A, 2016, Negative/Photo. No. M002476.
Name/Title
JRL Esther Scroll with Roundels | Unknown
Object Detail
roundels 7 and 8
Date
Mid-18th century
Synagogue active dates
Reconstruction dates
Artist/ Maker
Unknown (Unknown)
Origin
Austria
| (?)
Historical Origin
Unknown
Community
Unknown |
Location
Unknown |
Site
Unknown
School/Style
Court scrolls|
{"217":"The family of the scrolls in which figures in the narrative scenes represent ahigher social class, possibly court Jews, who could also be patrons and users of these manuscripts."}
Period
Period Detail
Category
Material/Technique
Ink and paints on parchment
Material Stucture
Material Decoration
Material Bonding
Material Inscription
Material Additions
Material Cloth
Material Lining
Tesserae Arrangement
Density
Colors
Construction material
Measurements
The scroll: 290 x ca. 3915 mm.
Length of the sheets in the scroll: 1) 425 mm, 2) 700 mm, 3) 695 mm, 4) 690 mm, 5) 730 mm, 6) ca. 675 mm.
Dimensions of the selected details in the scroll:
- an average roundel outside: 280 mm;
- an average roundel inside: 207 mm;
- an average letter: 3 mm;
- spaces between the lines of the text: 5 mm.
Height
Length
Width
Depth
Circumference
Thickness
Diameter
Weight
Axis
Panel Measurements
Condition

The manuscript lacks its opening section but the remaining part of the manuscript is preserved in good condition.

The decoration is quite well preserved and the text is in perfect condition.

The sheets are rather dirty and dark; this concerns especially the opening and final parts of the scroll.

On the first membrane, some white stains are visible.

Extant
Documented by CJA
Surveyed by CJA
Present Usage
Present Usage Details
Condition of Building Fabric
Architectural Significance type
Historical significance: Event/Period
Historical significance: Collective Memory/Folklore
Historical significance: Person
Architectural Significance: Style
Architectural Significance: Artistic Decoration
Urban significance
Significance Rating
Description

Sheet no. 3

Between the roundels, at the top, an angel reads the empire's chronicles to the king, based on a midrashic tale (found, e.g., in Targum Sheni to Esther 6:1). Below is the triumph of Mordecai (Es. 6:11) and Haman's daughter pouring the chamber pot on her father's head, a detail also found only in midrash.

Roundel 7 includes a double-headed heraldic eagle as well as other birds: three parrots, a goldfinch, and a peacock.

Between the roundels: at the top, Haman begs Esther for his life (Es. 7:8). Below, Mordecai holds the king's ring (Es. 8:2).

Roundel 8 is comprised of a hunting scene, trees, and two fruiting trees in pots.

Between the roundels is a horse with eight legs, possibly alluding to the new decree being sent out by very fast steeds (Es. 8:9-10). Below stands a man in a fashionable costume - possibly Harbona.

Custom
Contents

The Book of Esther in Hebrew but the text is incomplete; currently, it starts at Es. 2:7.

Codicology

The scroll is formed of 6 sheets containing 13 text panels in total with 21-24 lines each, except for roundel 11 which has 11 lines divided into two half-columns.

The text between roundels 9 and 11 is not written within a roundel but a very narrow column.

The text is written in Hebrew Ashkenazi script with tagin in black ink on the parchment membranes of medium thickness but rather stiff, suede, and dark.

The length of the lines of the text differs so they fit the space in the roundels.

The letter ת (Es. 9:29) is highlighted by its size. Enlarged and diminished letters are included in roundel 11.

The highlighted letters of the Tetragrammaton are marked in roundels 1 and 3.

The ruling - made with a hard point - along with the breaks between membranes is visible.

The pricking is visible on the sheets' edges.

The membranes in the scroll are glued together.

Scribes
Script
Number of Lines
Ruling
Pricking
Quires
Catchwords
Hebrew Numeration
Blank Leaves
Direction/Location
Façade (main)
Endivances
Location of Torah Ark
Location of Apse
Location of Niche
Location of Reader's Desk
Location of Platform
Temp: Architecture Axis
Arrangement of Seats
Location of Women's Section
Direction Prayer
Direction Toward Jerusalem
Signature
Colophon

None

Scribal Notes
Watermark
Trade Mark
Binding
Decoration Program
Summary and Remarks

The details suggest that the text was penned and decorated by the same person.

The decoration of the scroll shows some common features with the Book of Psalms of 1706 by Shabetai Scheftel ben Zalman Auerbach and Esther scroll C-325 from the JHI collection in Warsaw (see "Related objects"). 

In the scroll, figures in the biblical narrative are depicted as belonging to the higher social class of the artist’s day. These possibly represent court Jews, who could also be patrons and users of these manuscripts.

History/Provenance
The manuscript bears its previous number: R52432.
Main Surveys & Excavations
Bibliography

The scroll is discussed in:

Dagmara Budzioch, The Decorated Esther Scrolls from the Museum of the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw and the Tradition of Megillot Esther Decoration in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries – An Outline [Polish: Dekorowane zwoje Estery z Żydowskiego Instytutu Historycznego w Warszawie na tle tradycji dekorowania megilot Ester w XVII i XVIII wieku. Zarys problematyki], Warsaw 2019, 1:248-272.

Its images (nos. JRL16052165-JRL16052169) are available on https://luna.manchester.ac.uk (accessed on 28.10.2020).

Short Name
Full Name
Volume
Page
Type
Documenter
Dagmara Budzioch | 2020
Researcher
Dagmara Budzioch | 2020
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