Obj. ID: 55571
Sacred and Ritual Objects  Degel Machaneh Gad Sissu ve-Simchu be-Simchat Torah, Lviv (Lvov, Lwów, Lemberg), circa 1860

The following description was prepared by William Gross:

Just after the festivals of the Jewish New Year in the fall of the lunar calendar is the holiday of "Simchat Torah" , celebrating the end of the yearly cycle of the reading of the entire Torah and the beginning of the new cycle of that reading. It is customary during that celebration to dance ia circle around the synagogue carrying the Torah scrolls with great joy and song.  The Torah scrolls themselves were too large and too heavy to be carried by children. The custom developed of having the children carrying flags relating to the holiday during the celebratory dancing with the Torah Scrolls. These flags were made of paper and often decorated and attached to a stick to serve as the flag pole. In older times, an apple and a small lit candle were placed on top of that stick above the flag. The printing of such flags rather than hand-crafted flags appears to have developed in Lviv, Vilnius, and Warsaw in the second half of the 19th century. This example seems to be from about 1860 and is among the very earliest printed examples. The flag carries the imagery of the "Akedat Yitzhak" (The binding of Isaac), the giving of the Torah at Mount Sinai, and the celebration and dancing in the synagogue.  The image of the Binding of Isaac is liberally based on a similar image from the Biblical engravings (1625 - 1630) of the artist Mattheus Merian.