Obj. ID: 55498
Jewish printed books  Agil ve-Esmach be-Simchat Torah, Warsaw (Warszawa), circa 1930

The following description was prepared by William Gross:

Just after the festivals of the Jewish New Year in the fall of the lunar calendar is the holiday of "Simchat Torah”, celebrating the end of the yearly cycle of the reading of the entire Torah and the beginning of the new cycle of that reading. It is customary during that celebration to dance in a circle around the synagogue carrying the Torah scrolls with great joy and song.  The Torah scrolls themselves were too large and too heavy to be carried by children. The custom developed of having the children carrying flags relating to the holiday during the celebratory dancing with the Torah Scrolls. These flags were made of paper and often decorated and attached to a stick to serve as the flag pole. In older times, an apple and a small lit candle were placed on top of that stick above the flag. The printing of such flags rather than hand-crafted flags appears to have developed in Lviv, Vilnius, and Warsaw in the second half of the 19th century. Since the flags were used by children on one day a year, were made of paper and were snot gently treated during the celebrations, most were destroyed or discarded. As true examples of ephemera, early examples are very rare. Since the founding of the State of Israel in 1948, a large variety of such flags have been printed there.

This example, printed in Warsaw about 1930, uses the imagery of the 4 animals from Pirkei Avot, Symbols of the 12 tribes, portraits of Moses and Aaron, the Tablets of the Law, lions, a crown, a Magen David, and a Menorah. These are all quintessentially Jewish symbols seen on a variety of Jewish objects.

At the time of the printing of this flag, more than 300,000 Jews lived in Warsaw.  Just a decade later, more than 90% of these people were murdered by the Nazis in the Warsaw Ghetto or in the death camps.