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Obj. ID: 53965
  Memorials
  Little Camp Memorial in Buchenwald, Weimar, Germany, 2002

© Samuel D. Gruber, Photographer: Gruber, Samuel D., 2024

Name of Monument

Buchenwald Little Camp Memorial

What/Who is commemorated?

Jewish inmates of the Little Camp at Buchenwald

Description:

In between the sites of the former barracks, the memorial, erected in 2002, forms an area enclosed by a wall, which invites visitors to sit and rest.

Inscribed on the memorial are the names of places—deportation sites, jails, and concentration camps—from which people were transported to the Little Camp.

“A roofless, stone structure, the memorial features a cobblestone floor evoking memories of Eastern and Central European streets, a gnarled tree trunk, symbolizing the continuity of life, and triangular designs, recalling the triangular badges worn by the inmates. The names of cities, ghettos, and other camps that prisoners came from are etched on the floor.”

The memorial is inscribed in six languages – German, Hebrew, French, Polish, Russian and English. Names of cities, ghettos and other concentration camps from which the inmates came are etched on the edge.

Inscriptions:

Names of camps:

Natzweiler

Piotrkow

Mauthausen

Triest

Kirowograd

Stutthof

Plaszow

Neuengamme

Budapest

Toulouse

Dnjepropetrowsk

Brno

Riga

Belfortburg

Flossenburg

Fresnes

Den Haag

Dachau

Amersfoort

Auschwitz

Warszawa

Nikolajew

Czestochowa

Kiew

Majdanek

Sachsenhausen

Grenoble

Breendonk

Compiegne

Thereienstadt

Paris

Gross-Rosen

On the six plaques within the enclosure:

German:

An dieser Stelle befand sich das berüchtigte "Kleine Lager". Vom

Hauptlager durch einen Stacheldrahtzaun getrennt, hatten seine

Insassen die größten Qualen aller Buchenwaldhäftlinge zu

erleiden. Das Kleine Lager wurde Ende 1942 eingerichtet. Seine

ersten Insassen waren Polen, Russen, Franzosen und

Holländer. Im Laufe der Jahre stieg die Anzahl der Juden

im Kleinen Lager - unter ihnen auch Kinder, deren Eltern die Nazis

ermordet hatten - so weit an, daß sie in der Mehrzahl waren.

Ab Januar 1945 nannte man is "Judenlager". Die meisten dieser

Juden waren aus Auschwitz und anderen Konzentrationslagern

in Osteuropa nach Buchenwald gebracht worden. 1945 waren

etwa 20000 Menschen gleichzeitig im Kleinen

Lager untergebracht, menschenunwürdige Zustände führten dazu,

daß hier die höchste Sterblichkeit im gesamten Lager herrschte.

Als Unterkünfte toothn fensterlose Pferdeställe ohne Fußboden,

ursprünglich für 50 Pferde bestimmt, in denen zeitweise bis

zu 2000 Menschen zusammengepfercht wurden. Es gab

no fließendes Wasser, no sanitären Einrichtungen und kaum

Heizung. Manche Häftlinge wohnten in Zelten. Das gesamte

Gelände war von dickem Schlamm bedeckt.

Die Lebensmittelrationen betrugen nur einen Bruchteil von

denen im Hauptlager, oft gab es nicht einmal Trinkwasser. Da es

nur eine Latrine gab, sahen sich viele Häftlinge gezwungen, ihr

Eßgeschirr auch als Nachttopf zu verwenden. Seit Anfang 1945

lag ständig der Gestank menschlicher Exkremente über dem

Lager. Als immer mehr Menschen starben, blieben die Leichen

im Freien liegen. Das Kleine Lager war ein Ort tiefster

Verzweiflung für die Menschen, die man dorthin abgeschoben

hatte und an Kälte, Hunger, Durst, erschöpfender Arbeit, brutaler

Quälerei und Seuchen, die sich ständig ausbreiteten, zugrunde

gehen ließ. In den letzten Tagen vor der Befreiung wurden viele

KZ-Häftlinge auf Todesmärsche und Eisenbahntransporte

geschickt, bei denen Zehntausende starben. See the Hälfte der

Selektierten kam aus dem Kleinen Lager. Nach der Befreiung

wurde das Hauptlager erhalten und mit Denkmalen versehen,

das Smalle Lager vernachlässigte man, ließ es mit Bäumen und

Büschen zuwachsen. Bis 1990 kümmerten sich die ostdeutschen

Behörden nicht um dieses Gelände. Einige Überlebende des

Kleinen Lagers leben in den USA. Sie und ihre Nachkommen

haben die Errichtung dieses Mahnmals unterstützt.

 

English:

On this site was the infamous “Little Camp”. Separated only by a

barbed wire fence from the Main Camp, its inmates were

subjected to the greatest suffering of all those at

Buchenwald. Begun in late 1942, its first inmates were Polish,

Russian, French and Dutch prisoners. By January 1945, the

Little Camp became known as the Jewish Camp because most

of its prisoners were Jews, including children whose parents

had been murdered by the Nazis. Most of the Jews were

transferred here from Auschwitz and other concentration camps

in Eastern Europe. In 1945 a large percentage of the deaths at

Buchenwald occurred in the Little Camp, which imprisoned as many

as 20,000 inmates at a time. Conditions were barbaric.

Windowless stables with dirt floors intended to house 50 horses at

times contained nearly 2,000 people. There was no running water,

no sanitation, and virtually no heat in the stables. Some inmates

lived in tents. Thick mud was everywhere. Rations were only a

percentage of those given inmates in the Main Camp. Drinking

water was often not provided. With only one latrine, many inmates

were forced to use their food bowls as night latrines. By 1945, an

ever-present stench of human excrement pervaded the site.

Corpses lay about in the open as the death toll increased daily.

The Little Camp was a place of deepest despair for those left

there to be forgotten and to die from cold, starvation,

dehydration, debilitating labor, torture and rampant epidemics

of diseases that went untreated. In the last days before liberation

more than half of those selected for the death marches and

railway transports that resulted in 10s of thousands of deaths

were inmates from the little camp. After liberation, although the

main camp was preserved in various memorials established,

the Little Camp was totally obliterated and allowed to be

overgrown with trees and brush. The site was neglected by the

East German authorities until 1990. Some of the survivors

settled in the United States; They and their descendants

have supported the creation of this memorial.

 

French:

À cet endroit se trouvain le "Petit Camp", de sinister mémoire.

Séparés du Camp Principal only par une clôture de

barbelés, ses prisonniers endurerent encore plus de

souffrances que tous les autres detenues de Buchenwald. Le

Petit Camp was operational from the end of 1942, ses premiers

detenues furent des Polonais, des Russes, des Français

et des Hollandais. En janvier 1945, le Petit Camp devint le

Camp Juif, car la plupart de ses prisonniers étaiten des Juifs, y

compris des enfants, dont les parents avaient été assassinés par

les Nazis. La grande majority des Juifs avait été transferrede

ici depuis Auschwitz et d'autres concentration camps d'Europe

de l'Est. En 1945, le plus grand nombre de décès

survenus à Buchenwald s'étaiten produits au Petit Camp, qui pouvait

alors compter jusqu'à plus de détentes emprisonnés en même

temps. Les conditions de détention étaiten barbares. Destinées,

à l'origine, à recevoir 50 chevaux, des écuries sans fenêtres, au

sol de terre battue, sans eau courante, sans sanitaires,

pratiquement sans chauffage, hébergeaient parfois presque

2000 people. Certains detenues vivaient sous des tentes.

Une boue épaisse recouvrait le sol. Forest rations do not

representative qu'une fraction de celles accordées aux

prisoners du Camp Principal; souvent, la distribution d'eau

potable was suppressed. Å raison d'une seule fosse d'aisances,

les detenues se voyaient frequenment obligés d'utiliser leur

gamelle en guise de pot de chambre. A partir de 1945, la

puanteur d'excréments humaans qui imprégnait le camp se

fit permanente. Des cadavres jonchèrent le sol lorsque le nombre

des victimes se mit à augmenter de jour en jour. Le Petit Camp

était un endroit de la plus profonde déséspérance pour ceux

qui y étaiten oublié et condamné à mourir de froid, de faim,

de déshydratation, ou sous le joug d'un travail debilitant, de

la torture et des épidémies endémiques qui n' étaiten

pas enrayées. Dans les derniers jours avant la libération, plus

de la moitie de ceux qui avaient été choisis pour les marches

forcées et les transports en chemin de fer - soldés par des dizaines

de milliers de morts - étaiten des détentes du Petit Camp.

Après la libération, bien que le Camp Principal ait été

préservé et differents memorials installed, le Petit Camp fut

totally destroyed, allowing vegetation en le recurvant de le faire

disparaître vraiment Jusqu'en 1990, le site a été négligé par les

autorités est-allemandes. C'est grâce au soutien de survivants

émigrés aux États-Unis, et de leurs descendants, qué ce

memorial and pu être érigé.

 

Polish:

W tym miejscu znajdował się założony w 1942 roku tzw.

"Mały Obóz". Jego więźniowie, oddzieleni od reszty obozu w

Buchenwaldzie ogrodzeniem z drutu kolczastego, stali się

obiektem szczególnego okrucieństwa. Początkowo więziono

your Polaków, Rosjan, Francuzów and Holendrów. Jeszcze przed

1945 rokiem "Mały Obóz" zaczęto nazywać "Obozem Żydowskim",

ponieważ większość jego więźniów, przywiezionych

tu z Oświęcimia i innych obozów na wschodzie, stanowiła

ludność ia Żydowskiego, a wśród niej dzieci Żydów zabitych przez

hitlerowców. W 1945 roku odsetek zamordowanych w

Buchenwaldzie był najwyższy w "Małym Obozie". Wówczas

więziono tam 20 000 ludzi jednocześnie. Więźniowie byli

zamykani w stajniach bez okien. W pomieszczeniach

przeznaczonych dla 50 koni umieszczono 2 000 osób. Nie było

tam bieżącej wody, urządzeń sanitarnych i ogrzewania.

Niektórzy więźniowie musieli mieszkać w namiotach. Wszędzie

było gęste błoto. Racje żywnościowe stanowiły tylko cząstkę

tego, co otrzymywali więźniowie w głównym obozie. Brakowało

wody do picia. Ponieważ znajdowała się tam tylko jedna latryna,

wielu więźniów było zmuszonych używać swoją miskę również

jako nocnik. W 1945 roku na terenie całego obozu unosił się

straszny odór. Przed barakami leżały ciała zabitych, gdyż liczba

ofiar rosła z dnia na dzień. "Mały Obóz" był miejscem rozpaczy i

cierpienia tych, którzy, opuszczeni przez wszystkich, zostali

skazani na mróz, głód, pragnienie, nieludzką pracę, tortury i

straszne epidemie nieleczonych chorób, a w rezultacie śmierć.

W ostatnich dniach przed wyzwoleniem zaczęto ewakucję

więźniów. Transport kolejowe i marsze kończyły się śmiercią

tysięcy ludzi. Ponad połowę ewakuowanych stanowili więźniowie

"Małego Obozu". Chociaż po wyzwoleniu uporządkowano

główny obóz i wzniesiono różne pomniki, "Mały Obóz" został

kompletnie zapomniany, zarósł drzewami i krzewami. Władze

wschodnio-niemieckie dopuściły do tego, że do roku 1990 teren

ten był zaniedbany. Byli więźniowie, którzy zamieszkali w

Stanach Zjednoczonych oraz ich potomkowie przyczynili się do

wzniesienia tego pomnika. 

Hebrew: 

באתר זה נמצא "המחנה הקטן" הנודע לשמצה.

לסב ל הנורא ביותר בבוכנוואלד. החל מסוף שנת

1942 נכלאו בו פולנים, רוסים, צרפתים והולנדים

כאסיריו הרא שונים. 1945 שרוב אסיריו היו

יהודים וביניהם ילדים שהוריהם נרצחו על ידי הנאצים.

רוב היהודים הובלו למחנה זה ממחנה ההשמדה

אושוויץ וממחנות אחרים ח אירופה. אחוז גבוה

ממקרי המוות שאירעו במחנה הריך וך "המחנה

הקטן" שאיכלס אז כ-20,000 אסירים. התנאים בו

היו תת-אנושיים. באורוות סוסים מחוסרי חלונות,

שרצפתם היתה מטונפת ובמקורן נועדו לאכס וך

חמישים סוסים בלבד, נדחקו כאלפיים אסירים,

וזאת ללא זורמים, או חימום. חלק מהאסירים

חיו באוהלים. בוץ סמיך הקיף את המקום. מנות

המזון היו מזעריות לעומת אלה שניתנו לאסירים במחנה הראשי

ושתיית מים נמנעה מהם לעיתים קרובות. מאחר ולרשות

האסירים עמד בית שימוש אחד בלבד, נאלצו רובם להשתמש

בקערות המזון שלהם כסיר לילה לעשיית צרכיהם. בשנת

1945 עמדה באויר דרך קבע צחנת הפרשותיהם של בני

אדם. גוויות בני אדם היו מפוזרות בשטח הפתוח ומספר

המתים עלה מיום ליום. המחנה הקטן היה מקום בו

חוסר האונים היה משווע, ואלה שהושלכו לשם את מותם

עקב קור, רעב, התייבשות, עבודה מתישה, מחלות ומגיפות

מדבקות פשטו שם. בימים האחרונים לפני שחרור מחנה

בוכנוואלד היוו אסירי המחנה יון ר ממחצית מכלל האסירים

שנשלחו לצעדות המוות ולמשלוחי הרכבות שבמהלכם

נ הרגו עשרות אלפי אסירים. מספר מצבות כרון, נמחק

המחנה הקטן לחלוטין ושטחו הצמיח עצים ושיחי בר

לכל עבר. האתר הוזנח על ידי שלטונות מזרח גרמניה עד

לשנת 1990.

הם וצאצאיהם תרמו להקמת אתר זכרון זה. 

Russian:

На этом месте находился пресловутый "малый лагерь". На 

долю его узников, отделённых от основного лагеря только 

забором из колючей проволоки, выпали наибольшие 

страдания из всех узников Бухенвальда. Он был создан в

конце 1942 года, его первыми узниками были польские,

русские, французские и голландские заключённые. В январе 

1945 года "малый лагерь" стал известен как еврейский 

лагерь, так как большинство его узников были евреями,

включая и детей, родители которых были убиты нацистами.

Большинство евреев было перевезено сюда из Освенцима и

других концентрационных лагерей в Восточной Европе. В

1945 году большая доля от общего количества смертей в

Бухенвальде приходилась на "малый лагерь", в котором в

1945 году одновременно находилось в заключении около 

20 000 узников. Условия были варварскими. В конюшнях без 

окон с земляными полами, рассчитанных на размещение 50

лошадей, содержалось временами до 2 000 человек. В этих 

конюшнях не было ни водопровода, ни канализации и

практически никакого отопления. Другие узники жили в

палатках. Везде была глубокая грязь. Рационы были только 

частью той нормы, которую выдавали узникам в основном 

лагере. Часто не было питьевой воды. При наличии всего 

одного отхожего места многие узники были вынуждены 

использовать свои миски для еды как ночное отхожее место.

К 1945 году эта территория была пропитана постоянно 

присутствующим зловонием человеческих экскрементов.

Смерть уносила с каждым днём всё больше жизней, трупы 

лежали под открытым небом. "Малый лагерь" был местом 

глубочайшего отчаяния людей, брошенных там, чтобы быть 

забытыми и умереть от холода, голода, обезвоживания 

организма, изнурительной работы, пыток и свирепствующих 

эпидемий болезней, против которых ничего не 

предпринималось. В последние дни перед освобождением 

более половины отобранных на марши смерти и для 

отправки эшелонами по железной дороге, что привело к

гибели десятков тысяч, были узниками "малого лагеря".

Несмотря на то, что после освобождения основной лагерь 

был сохранён и были установлены различные памятники,

"малый лагерь" был полностью уничтожен и его территории

позволили зарасти деревьями и кустарником. Это место

было предано забвению восточногерманскими властями до

1990 года. Некоторые из выживших узников поселились в

США; они и их потомки поддержали создание этого памятника.

 

Granite plaques at entrance:

Architects

STEPHEN B. JACOBS, F.A.I.A

(Stefan Jakubowitz, Inmate No. 86900)

The Stephen B. Jacobs Group, P.C.

New York, N.Y. 

Contributing Team: Andi Pepper, Jordan Jacobs,

Robert Gross, Isaac-Daniel Astrachan 

WERNER ELESTER, Dipl-Ing Architekt

Architekturbüro Ellenberger & Partner

Weimar

Sponsors:

UNTED STATES COMMISSION for the PRESERVATION

of AMERICA'S HERITAGE ABROAD 

FEDERAL REPUBLIC of GERMANY

FREE STATE of THURINGIA

Benefactors 

Robert H. Book

The Hammerman and Fisch Foundation

Helen and Jeffrey Horowitz

Stephan and Andi Jacobs in memory of Dr. Maurice and Lena Jacobs

???ry and Judy Klinger in memory of Fritz and Rita Klinger

Merrill Lynch & Co Inc.

Warren L. Milter

Lewis C. Pell

Jack and Elizabeth Rosenthal and Family

Richard I. Solomon

 

Recognition: 

In recognition of the invaluable contribution of 

THE HONORABLE WARREN L. MILLER

Chairman of the for the United States Commission

for the Preservation of America’s Heritage Abroad

whose vision, perseverance and commitment to

 the cause of remembrance made this memorial a reality

Commissioned by

U. S. Commission for the Preservation of America's Heritage Abroad

and Buchenwald Memorial.

Summary and Remarks
Remarks
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Name/Title
Little Camp Memorial in Buchenwald | Unknown
Object Detail
Monument Setting
Camp
{"1":"Any purpose-built concentration, labor, or death camp established by the Nazis or their collaborators (Auschwitz, Belzec, Buchenwald, Carpi, Dachau, Drancy, Fossoli, Klooga, Majdanek, Mauthausen, Sobibor, etc.)"}
Date
2002
Active dates
Reconstruction dates
Origin
Historical Origin
Unknown
Community type
Unknown |
Congregation
Unknown
Location
Germany | Thuringia (Thüringen) | Weimar
| Buchenwald memorial 99427 Weimar
Site
Unknown
School/Style
Unknown|
Period
Unknown
Period Detail
Collection
Unknown |
Documentation / Research project
Unknown
Iconographical Subject
Material / Technique
Sandstone
Granite
Black marble
Material Stucture
Material Decoration
Material Bonding
Material Inscription
Material Additions
Material Cloth
Material Lining
Tesserae Arrangement
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Condition
Extant
Documented by CJA
Surveyed by CJA
Present Usage
Present Usage Details
Condition of Building Fabric
Architectural Significance type
Historical significance: Event/Period
Historical significance: Collective Memory/Folklore
Historical significance: Person
Architectural Significance: Style
Architectural Significance: Artistic Decoration
Urban significance
Significance Rating
0
Ornamentation
Custom
Contents
Codicology
Scribes
Script
Number of Lines
Ruling
Pricking
Quires
Catchwords
Hebrew Numeration
Blank Leaves
Direction/Location
Façade (main)
Endivances
Location of Torah Ark
Location of Apse
Location of Niche
Location of Reader's Desk
Location of Platform
Temp: Architecture Axis
Arrangement of Seats
Location of Women's Section
Direction Prayer
Direction Toward Jerusalem
Coin
Coin Series
Coin Ruler
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Denomination
Signature
Colophon
Scribal Notes
Watermark
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Group
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Trade Mark
Binding
Decoration Program
Suggested Reconsdivuction
History/Provenance

The Little Camp Memorial commemorates the more than 5,000 who perished in the "hell of Buchenwald."  The memorial was designed by New York architect Stephen B. Jacobs, who was himself an inmate in the Little Camp at the age of six. The monument was realized as a joint project of the U. S. Commission for the Preservation of America's Heritage Abroad and the Buchenwald Memorial.

Commission Chairman Miller proposed a Little Camp memorial in 1995, when he was a Commission member, when he spoke at ceremonies at Buchenwald commemorating the 50th anniversary of the camp’s liberation. He persuaded German authorities to allow the creation of the memorial, helped raise the necessary funds, coordinated the implementation, and wrote the powerful wall text, which appeared in six languages. “The memorial could easily have been just a stone edifice or some symbolic structure, but I insisted there be a narrative on the walls that accurately describes the horrors that took place at the site—something that would strongly impact future visitors,” says Miller. Buchenwald is the most visited of all the camps [in Germany], receiving approximately 700,000 visitors annually.”  The narrative texts are didactic and filled with accurate details to provide a connection to the suffering of the inmates.  The space within the monument is intentionally big enough to accommodate a busload of school children or students of any age.

After 1990, intensive clearing work and archaeological excavations were conducted at the site.  A painstaking archaeological study of the site preceded the construction of the memorial, which uncovered elements such as the stone pavement of the camp pathways which show improvised and primitive living conditions were in the Little Camp. The memorial was placed in relation to these surroundings but does not overpower the historical context of the site.

Cordoned off from the main camp, this zone included twelve windowless horse stalls originally planned for the Wehrmacht, which lacked sanitary facilities. Instead of beds, there were simply four-level, shelf-like boxes constructed from raw wood. Each of these stalls was originally intended for about 50 horses. In the Little Camp, however, about one thousand, and sometimes even two thousand people had to stay there. In 1944, the SS had five additional tents erected.

The Little Camp originally served the purpose of setting inmates apart for forced labor in the subcamps of Buchenwald. In early 1945 it became a detention area for mostly Jewish inmates who were brought to Buchenwald from Auschwitz and Groß-Rosen,  including through forced “death marches.” It was an intensely overcrowded place, where people wasted away and died. In less than one hundred days, some six thousand people died here before the camp was liberated.

In August 1945, during the period of the Soviet Special Camp No. 2, the Soviet camp administrators had the barracks of the Little Camp torn down. The area became overgrown in the 1950s.

The memorial was opened on April 14, 2002/ More than 1,000 people, including survivors from 24 countries, attended the ceremonies.  An earlier ceremony to mark the completion of the memorial was held at the U.S Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington on March 13, attended by ambassadors, congressmen, senior presidential aides, survivors, and liberators of the camp.

Main Surveys & Excavations
Sources

Freedman, Jamie L. "Little Camp Memorial Dedicated at Buchenwald." GW Magazine, (Fall 2002), https://www2.gwu.edu/~magazine/archive/2002_fall/docs/dept_alumni_littlecamp.html (accessed February 9, 2025)

Obama, Barack. Remarks Following a Tour of Buchenwald Concentration Camp in Weimar, Germany. Edited by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley. The American Presidency Project, https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/286717 (accessed February 9, 2025)

"Remembering the Hell That Was Buchenwald." DW 15, (2002), https://www.dw.com/en/remembering-the-hell-that-was-buchenwald/a-498059 (accessed February 9, 2025)

“The Little Camp Memorial,” and "Jacobs, Stephen B. Statement Stephen B. Jacobs #76 Liberation, "
Gedenkstätte Buchenwald, https://www.buchenwald.de/en/geschichte/historischer-ort/gedenkstaette/denkmal-kleines-lager, https://www.buchenwald.de/en/geschichte/mediathek/filme/stephen-jacobs-statement.
Type
Documenter
Samuel D. Gruber | 2023
Author of description
Samuel D. Gruber | 2024
Architectural Drawings
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Computer Reconstruction
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Language Editor
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Negative/Photo. No.
The following information on this monument will be completed: