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Img. ID: 2425

© Center for Jewish Art, Photographer: Radovan, Zev, 9.1994
Name/Title
Wroclaw Mahzor | Unknown
Object
Object Detail
Binding
Settings
Unknown
Date
13th century
Synagogue active dates
Reconstruction dates
Artist/ Maker
Unknown (Unknown)
Origin
Historical Origin
Unknown
Community type
Congregation
Unknown
Location
Unknown |
Site
Unknown
School/Style
Unknown|
Period
Unknown
Period Detail
Collection
Documentation / Research project
Unknown
Material / Technique
Material Stucture
Material Decoration
Material Bonding
Material Inscription
Material Additions
Material Cloth
Material Lining
Tesserae Arrangement
Density
Colors
Construction material
Measurements
Height
Length
Width
Depth
Circumference
Thickness
Diameter
Weight
Axis
Panel Measurements
Subject
Unknown |
Condition

Good

Extant
Documented by CJA
Surveyed by CJA
Present Usage
Present Usage Details
Condition of Building Fabric
Architectural Significance type
Historical significance: Event/Period
Historical significance: Collective Memory/Folklore
Historical significance: Person
Architectural Significance: Style
Architectural Significance: Artistic Decoration
Urban significance
Significance Rating
Textual Content
Unknown |
Languages of inscription
Unknown
Shape / Form
Unknown
0
Ornamentation
Custom
Contents
Second volume of a mahzor of the Ashkenazic rite: New Year: First day (fol. 1), Second day (fol. 34v); Shabbat Shuvah: Yozer (fol. 68v); Day of Atonement: Arvit (fol. 70v), Shaharit (fol. 89), Mussaf (fol. 146), Arvit (fol. 191v), Ne'ilah (fol. 218); Sukkot: Arvit first day (fol. 231v), Arvit second day (fol. 244), Shaharit (fol. 253v), Mussaf (fol. 260), Arvit seventh Day (269), Shemini Azeret (fol. 282v); Simhat Torah (fol. 286); Yozer for Shabbat Bereshit (fol. 289); Yozer for Shabbat and New Moon (fol. 291); Wedding Reshuyot (fol. 295); Piyyutim for various prayers (fol. 297).
Codicology
Vellum, IV 300 (299 foliated, fol. 124 foliated twice) IV leaves. A remnant of an early fly-leaf can be found on the back cover. Measurements: (534-537) x (382-386) mm. Text space: (326-329) x (241-261) mm. Written in square Ashkenazic script. Scribal notes in round script, in dark brown ink. 25 lines per page. Ruling by plummet. 26 horizontal and 1 1 vertical lines with additional inner vertical lines on some pages (e.g. fols. 160-161, 191-192, 215, 233v). Pricking is evident in all four margins. 38 quires of 8 leaves each, except for XIX 4 (144-147). Catchwords for quires in lower left-hand corner of last verso of most quires; three catchwords are preserved (fols. 64v, 163v and 219v). Most other catchwords cut off by a later binder. Fol. 299v is blank.
Scribes
Script
Number of Lines
Ruling
Pricking
Quires
Catchwords
Hebrew Numeration
Blank Leaves
Direction/Location
Façade (main)
Endivances
Location of Torah Ark
Location of Apse
Location of Niche
Location of Reader's Desk
Location of Platform
Temp: Architecture Axis
Arrangement of Seats
Location of Women's Section
Direction Prayer
Direction Toward Jerusalem
Coin
Coin Series
Coin Ruler
Coin Year
Denomination
Signature
Colophon
חזק ונתחזק הסופר לא יוזק, בוורמיישא אין אומר החזן ככתוב עד שכופלו ג' פעמים ואומר ככת' אלא )מילה זו מחוקה בקו על המלה( בפעם שלישית כשיגמור כל נדרי יחלנו לך צורינו זה אומ' בוירמישא בניגון אדר והוד ייחלנו לך צורינו ואחר זה אומ' אפאר לאי' בניגון אאפיר גור איום ובכאן מדלגין זה ומתחיל החזן מיכאל, אין או' זאת הקדושה בכאן אלא בוורמישא יאמ', אין אומרי' זה הקדושה אבל כתבתי אותה על מנת לסיים האלפא ביתא מן הסילוק עד הקדושה, Scribal notes: Fol. 299, at the end of the text, by the hand of the scribe in bold, round letters: "May the scribe be strong and not harmed." Many notes on ritual customs are written within the text by the hand of the scribe, mainly at the beginning of sections of prayers. Three of the notes indicate customs of the community of Worms: 1) Fol. 71 - at the end of Kol Nidrei: "In Worms the hazan does not continue with the reading of 'as is written' ... until he repeats this passage three times and he says 'as is written' only after completing Kol Nidre for the third time." 2) Fol. 196v - in the margin before the piyyut, a note in square script (by the hand of the scribe ?): "In Worms one says the piyyut 'Yihalnu Lekha Zurenu' to the tune of 'Adar Va-Hod' and then says (the piyyut) 'Afa'er ...' to the tune of 'A'afir Gur Ayom' but here the reader omits it and the hazan starts (the piyyut) 'Michael'." 3) Fol. 198v - at the end of the Kedusha a note by the hand of the scribe written in small round script: "Here one does not say this Kedusha but in Worms it is said." Fol. 222v - at the end of the page between verses "Lamed" and "Mem" of the Kedusha, by the hand of the scribe, written in small round script: "One does not say this Kedusha but I wrote it to finish the alphabet ..."
Scribal Notes
Watermark
Hallmark
Group
Group
Group
Group
Group
Trade Mark
Binding
Binding ordered for the owner, Magister Gregorius Grunov of Goritz, in 1595. White German pig's leather on wooden boards. Both covers are decorated in blind-tooling with 8 concentric oblong frames. Three frames enclose images of the Virtues (e.g. Caritas, Fides, Spes); one frame encloses David playing the harp; all are inscribed. The other frames and two bands, above and below, are decorated with foliate scrolls. The front cover is rubbed and the back cover is badly damaged. The spine is divided by eight bands into nine segments. An illegible Hebrew title and the Library shelfmark - Ms. Or. I.1 on the spine. The original bronze clasps are engraved with a geometric design and are attached to the leather binding. Restored in 1973 by Jan Dorozc. He found 5 fragments of 11th - 12th cent. vellum with Hebrew texts from 2 different MSS., one apparently of a midrash. These fragments are now stored in an envelope attached to the back inner cover. Dorozc also added the 8 paper fly-leaves. Watermarks appear on the front and back paste-downs and on a remnant of an early fly-leaf of the back cover.
Decoration Program
A. One illustrated panel of the Sacrifice of Isaac (fol. 46v). B. Two full-page arches (fols. 89v, 221v). C. Twelve signs of the zodiac enclosed within medallions on colored ground (fols. 264-266v). D. Three ornately decorated initial words with rosettes and floral motifs (fols. 1v, 70v, 148v - see card), and many decorated initial-words in display script. Some initial words are decorated with dragon heads - at the decenders of 'Lamed', the ascenders of 'Kof', 'Zadei', final 'Nun' and 'Khaf', as well as around the name of God with three 'Yod's (e.g. 8v, 9, 21v, 32v - see card, 96v, 101v 114, 161). E. Geometric and floral decorations as line fillers, verse signs or enumerating payytanim. F. Many lines and some single letters are written in red in some piyyutim. A., B. and C. are painted in burnished gold and silver, and in gouache in blue, magenta, red, vermillion-red, yellow, orange-yellow, gold-yellow, green, purple, purple-red, pink, and bluish gray. D., E. and F. were painted by the scribe in dark brown and red ink.
Summary and Remarks
Wischnitzer (Dura, p. 71) identifies the inscription on fol. 130v (see History above) as the colophon of the scribe.
Remarks
Suggested Reconsdivuction
History/Provenance
ואות )=זאת( הסליחה יסו']ד[ מורי רבי מאיר בר ברוך, האי מאן דבעי למהו חסידא לקיים אילי דברכות, ותאמר שובה ואשובה ואלכי אל בית הראשון זה בית הס )ם?(, גרעגוריס גרונוא: פבאר צור גויריץ: אם י: Fol. 130v - in the upper margin on one line, in small script, possibly by another hand: "The seliha was composed by my teacher R. Baruch (MaHaRaM of Rotenburg died 1293)." Some 14th - 16th cent. hand-written additions (e.g. fols. 12v, 109v, 244) and corrections (e.g. fol. 276). Fol. 299v: on the original blank page are some owner's inscriptions in Hebrew, in 15th cent. round, Ashkenazic script: "One who wishes to be pious should recite those benedictions." Beneath it: "And she said, go back, and I went back, and went to the first house, this is the house of ... (?)" The owner of the book in 1595 was Magister Gregorius Grunov, Pastor in Goritzi and he wrote his name in Hebrew on fol. 299v, and in Latin, "Gregoris Grunow: Favar Zur Goiritz." An inscription on the inner cover reads, "Sum exlibris Magistri Gregorij Grunouij." Fol. 268v: in the lower margin is an inscription in German, in five rows. Fols. 251v, 252, 276: German inscriptions including numbers, probably referring to a previous piyyut.
Main Surveys & Excavations
Bibliography

De Haas, Ph. “Beschreibung der Breslauer deutschen Machsor-Handschriften”, in: Soncino Blutter, Berlin 1927, pp. 33-35.

Plessner , M., “Eine illustrierte deutsche Machsorhandschrift in Breslau”, in: Menorah, Vienna, 1927, pp. 85-91.

Romanoff, p., “The fox in Jewish Tradition”, in: From Dura to Rembrandt, Jerusalem, 1990, pp. 76-78.

Wischnitzer, R., “The Messianic Fox”, in: From Dura to Rembrandt, pp. 70-75; idem, “A reply to Dr. Romanoff”, in: From Dura to Rembrandt, Jerusalem, 1990 , pp. 79-80. idem, “Medieval Haggadoth”, in JQR, year..., pp....

Short Name
Full Name
Volume
Page
Type
Documenter
Bezalel Narkiss (1990), Keren Katsir-Stiebel (1994), Yaffa Levy (1994, 2000) | B.N. 1990, Y.L. & K.K.S. 1994
Author of description
Yaffa Levy, Keren Katsir-Stiebel |
Architectural Drawings
|
Computer Reconstruction
|
Section Head
Michal Sternthal-Spielman |
Language Editor
Judi Cardozo | 5. 2000
Donor
|
Negative/Photo. No.
0006038