Obj. ID: 56269
  Sacred and Ritual  Mizrah, Jerusalem, circa 1925

The following description was prepared by William Gross:

Mizrah (Hebrew: מזרח "east") is the Hebrew word for "east" and the direction that Jews in the Diaspora face during prayer. Jewish law prescribes that Jews at prayer face the site of the Temple in Jerusalem. In addition, "Mizrach" refers to an ornamental wall plaque used to indicate the direction of prayer in Jewish homes. In a synagogue, that direction would be obvious as it is the side of the building on which the ark was placed. But in a home or Sukkah, the direction had to be indicated. It is customary in traditional Jewish homes and the Sukkah to mark the wall in the direction of Mizrach to facilitate proper prayer. For this purpose, people use artistic wall plaques inscribed with the word Mizrach and scriptural passages like "From the rising (mi-mizrah) of the sun unto the going down thereof, the Lord's name is to be praised" (Ps. 113:3), Kabbalistic inscriptions, or pictures of holy places. Such plaques were most often manuscript forms or printed sheets, ranging from the simplest idea of the word only to elaborately decorated pages with a wide range of images and texts. These plaques are generally placed in rooms in which people pray, such as the living room or bedrooms. The four letters of the Hebrew word MiZRaCH are sometimes indicated as the initial letters of the Hebrew phrase Metzad Zeh Ruach Chaim (From this side the source of life).

Printed Mizrachs were an important part of Jewish art around the end of the 19th century. For the first time, the increasing efficiency of the printing and paper industries made such printed sheets available at reasonable prices to a much wider public than previously. Such Mizrachs a popular items from printers in the Holy Land for use in that country, for sending as gifts abroad, and as souvenirs for tourists. This example was published by an institution in Jerusalem as a gift for its supporters.

This page was printed by Shmuel Zuckerman. Zuckerman arrived in Israel as a child in 1856 and learned the art of printing from Israel Bak in 1872. He worked in different presses until he had his own printing house in 1886. He was an active printer and there are over 80 examples of his work in the Gross Family Collection. This printed Mizrach is basically the same as the Gross Family Collection 056.011.011, although that one was done for an institution in Safed and has pictures of the holy places rather than the buildings of the institution itself.